Kubva kutanga kwegore rino, dambudziko remabhodhoro muindasitiri yekutakura ngarava yepasi rose rave rakanyanya kuoneka.Mapepanhau anowanikwa muzviitiko zvekutsvikinyidzana.Mitengo yekutumira yakakwira zvakare uye iri padanho repamusoro.Kukanganisa kwakashata pamapato ose kwakaonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Zviitiko zvinowanzoitika zvekuvhara uye kunonoka
Kutanga munaKurume naKubvumbi gore rino, kuvharika kweSuez Canal kwakakonzera kufunga nezvepasi rose kutakura zvinhu.Nekudaro, kubva ipapo, zviitiko zvekujamba kwengarava dzinotakura zvinhu, kuvharirwa mumachiteshi, uye kunonoka kwekupa kuri kuramba kuchiitika.
Maererano nemushumo weSouthern California Maritime Exchange musi waNyamavhuvhu 28, ngarava dze72 dzemabhokisi dzakamira pazviteshi zveLos Angeles neLong Beach nezuva rimwe chete, kudarika rekodhi yapfuura ye70;Zvikepe zvemabhokisi 44 zvakamira pazvikepe, izvo 9 zvaive muNzvimbo inokukurwa zvakare yakatyora rekodhi yapfuura yezvikepe makumi mana;ngarava dzinokwana zana nemakumi maviri neina dzemarudzi akasiyana-siyana dzakamiswa pachiteshi chezvikepe, uye nhamba yose yengarava dzakasungirirwa dzakasvika pa71. Zvikonzero zvikuru zvemhomho iyi kushomeka kwevashandi, kuvhiringwa kwedenda uye kuwedzera kwekutenga kwezororo.Zviteshi zveCalifornia muLos Angeles neLong Beach account inosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chezvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.Zvinoenderana nedata kubva kuPort of Los Angeles, avhareji yenguva yekumirira yezvikepe izvi yakawedzera kusvika pamazuva 7.6.
Mutungamiriri weSouthern California Ocean Exchange, Kip Ludit akati muna Chikunguru huwandu hwezvikepe zvemabhokisi paanchor huri pakati pe zero ne one.Lutit akati: “Ngarava idzi dzakakura zvakapetwa kaviri kana katatu pane dzakaonekwa makore 10 kana kuti 15 apfuura.Vanotora nguva yakareba kuti vaburutse, vanodawo marori akawanda, zvitima zvakawanda, nezvimwe.Mamwe matura ekurodha."
Kubva United States yatangazve mabasa ehupfumi muna Chikunguru gore rapfuura, kukanganisa kwekuwedzera kwekutakura ngarava kwengarava kwaonekwa.Sekureva kweBloomberg News, kutengeserana kweUS-China kwakabatikana gore rino, uye vatengesi vari kutenga nguva isati yasvika kuti vakwazise zororo reUS uye China yeGoridhe Week muna Gumiguru, izvo zvawedzera basa rekutakura.
Zvinoenderana nedata rakaburitswa nekambani yekuAmerica yekutsvagisa Descartes Datamyne, huwandu hwekutakurwa kwemidziyo yemugungwa kubva kuAsia kuenda kuUnited States muna Chikunguru hwakawedzera ne10.6% gore negore kusvika 1,718,600 (yakaverengerwa mumidziyo yemakumbo makumi maviri), iyo yaive yakakwira kupfuura iyo. yegore rapfuura kwemwedzi gumi nemitatu yakatevedzana.Mwedzi wakakunda rekodhi.
Kutambura kubva kumvura zhinji yakakonzerwa neHurricane Ada, New Orleans Port Authority yakamanikidzwa kumisa chiteshi chayo chekutakura uye bhizinesi rekutakura zvinhu zvakawanda.Vatengesi vezvigadzirwa zvekurima vemuno vakamira kuendesa kunze kwenyika uye vakavhara chirimwa chimwe chete chekupwanya soya.
Pakutanga zhizha rino, White House yakazivisa kugadzwa kweboka rekutengesa ketani rekuvhiringidza basa rekubatsira kurerutsa mabhodhoro uye zvimhingamipinyi.Musi waNyamavhuvhu 30, White House neDhipatimendi Rezvekutakurwa reUS dzakagadza John Bockarie semumiriri wechiteshi chengarava cheSupply Chain Interruption Task Force.Achashanda neMunyori wezvekutakurwa, Pete Buttigieg neNational Economic Council kuti vagadzirise kusaririra, kunonoka kutakura uye kushomeka kwechigadzirwa kunosangana nevatengi vekuAmerica nemabhizinesi.
MuAsia, Bona Senivasan S, mutungamiri weGokaldas Export Company, mumwe wevatengesi vakuru vembatya muIndia, akataura kuti kukwira katatu kwemitengo yemabhokisi uye kushomeka kwakonzera kunonoka kwekutakura.Kamal Nandi, sachigaro weConsumer Electronics uye Electrical Appliance Manufacturers Association, sangano reindasitiri yezvemagetsi, akataura kuti mazhinji emidziyo akaendeswa kuUnited States neEurope, uye kune mashoma eIndia midziyo.Vakuru vemaindasitiri vati sezvo kushomeka kwemidziyo kunosvika pakakwirira, kutengeswa kwezvimwe zvinhu kunze kwenyika kunogona kudzikira muna Nyamavhuvhu.Vati mumwedzi waChikunguru, kutengeswa kwetii, kofi, mupunga, fodya, zvinonhuwira, nzungu, nyama, mukaka, huku nechimbi chimbi zvese zvakaramba.
Kuwedzera kukuru kwekudiwa kwezvinhu zvevatengi muEurope kuri kuwedzerawo mabhodhoro ekutakura.Rotterdam, chiteshi chengarava chikurusa cheEurope, yaifanira kurwisa kutsvikinyidzana muzhizha rino.MuUK, kushomeka kwevatyairi vemarori kwakonzera mabhodhoro muchiteshi chezvitima nepakati pechitima, zvichimanikidza mamwe matura kuramba kuendesa midziyo mitsva kudzamara kuseri kwadzikira.
Pamusoro pezvo, kubuda kwedenda iri pakati pevashandi vari kurodha nekudzikisa makombi kwakonzera kuti zvimwe zviteshi zvivharwe kana kuderedzwa.
Indekisi yemitengo inoramba yakakwira
Chiitiko chekuvharirwa kwechikepe uye kuvharirwa chinoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu ekuti nekuda kwekudzokororwa kwekuda, matanho ekudzora denda, kudzikira kwemabasa echiteshi, uye kudzikira kwehunyanzvi, pamwe nekuwedzera kwekuvharirwa kwengarava kunokonzerwa nemadutu, kupihwa uye kudiwa kwezvikepe. ngarava dzinoita kunge dzakasimba.
Vakanganiswa neizvi, mitengo yedzinenge nzira dzese dzekutengesa dzakakwira zvakanyanya.Zvinoenderana nedata kubva kuXeneta, iyo inoteedzera mitengo yekutakura, mutengo wekutumira chigadziko che40-foot kubva kuFar East kuenda kuNorthern Europe wakakwira kubva pasi peUS $ 2,000 kusvika US $ 13,607 svondo rapfuura;mutengo wekutakura kubva kuFar East kuenda kuzviteshi zveMediterranean wakwira kubva paUS$1913 kusvika paUS$12,715.US dollars;avhareji yemutengo wekutakura midziyo kubva kuChina kuenda kumhenderekedzo yekumadokero kweUnited States yakawedzera kubva pamadhora zviuru zvitatu nemazana matatu nemakumi mashanu emadhora gore rapfuura kusvika pamadhora zviuru zvinomwe nemazana mashanu nemakumi manomwe neina;kutakura kubva kuFar East kuenda kumhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweSouth America kwakawedzera kubva pamadhora e1,794 US gore rapfuura kusvika ku11,594 US madhora.
Kushaikwa kwevatakuri vezvizhinji zvakaoma kuri kudawo kurebesa.Musi waNyamavhuvhu 26, mubhadharo wekuchata weCape of Good Hope wekutakura zvinhu zvakawoma zvakakura seUS$50,100, iyo yaive yakapetwa ka2.5 pane yekutanga kwaChikumi.Mari dzechata dzengarava hombe dzakaoma dzakawanda dzinotakura ore yesimbi nemimwe ngarava dzakakwira nekukasika, dzichisvika pakakwirira mumakore angangoita gumi nerimwe.Iyo Baltic Shipping Index (1000 muna 1985), iyo inoratidza zvizere musika wevatakuri vakaoma, yaive mapoinzi mazana mana nemazana mapfumbamwe neshanu muna Nyamavhuvhu 26, iyo yepamusoro-soro kubva muna Chivabvu 2010.
Kukwira kwemitengo yekutakura kwezvikepe zvemabhokisi kwawedzera maodha engarava.
Dhata kubva kuBritish femu yekutsvagisa Clarkson yakaratidza kuti nhamba yemirairo yekuvaka ngarava muhafu yekutanga yegore rino yaive 317, iyo yepamusoro nhanho kubva muhafu yekutanga ya2005, kuwedzera ka11 panguva imwecheteyo gore rapfuura.
Kudiwa kwengarava dzemabhokisi kubva kumakambani makuru epasi rose ekutakura zvinhu zvakare kwakanyanya.Huwandu hwekurongeka muhafu yekutanga ya2021 hwasvika padanho rechipiri-pamusoro-soro munhoroondo yehafu yegore rekuodha vhoriyamu.
Kuwedzera kwemirairo yekuvaka ngarava kwakwidza mutengo wengarava dzemidziyo.Muna Chikunguru, Clarkson's mudziyo mutsva wekuvaka mutengo index yaive 89.9 (100 muna Ndira 1997), gore-pa-gore kuwedzera kwe12.7 muzana, kusvika pakakwirira makore mapfumbamwe nehafu.
Maererano nedheta kubva kuShanghai Shipping Exchange, chiyero chekutakura kwemidziyo yemakumbo makumi maviri yakatumirwa kubva kuShanghai kuenda kuEurope pakupera kwaJuly yaiva US $ 7,395, gore negore kuwedzera kwe8,2 nguva;40-tsoka midziyo yakatumirwa kumahombekombe ekumabvazuva kweUnited States yaive US$10,100 imwe neimwe, kubvira 2009 Kekutanga kubvira nhamba dziripo, iyo US$10,000 mamaki yakapfuura;pakati paNyamavhuvhu, kutakurwa kwemidziyo kuenda kuWest Coast yeUnited States kwakakwira kusvika US$5,744 (40 feet), kuwedzera kwe43% kubva pakutanga kwegore.
Makambani makuru engarava eJapan, akadai saNippon Yusen, akafanotaura pakuvamba kwegore rino rezvemari kuti “mitemo yekutakura zvinhu ichatanga kuderera kubva muna June kusvikira muna July.”Asi chokwadi, nekuda kwekuda kwekutakura zvinhu kwakasimba pamwe nenyonganyonga yezviteshi, kusimba kwekufambisa, uye kukwira kuri kuita mitengo yezvinhu, makambani anotakura zvinhu asimudza tarisiro yavo yegore remari ra2021 (kusvika Kurume 2022) uye vari kutarisirwa kuwana mari yepamusoro. munhoroondo.
Zvakawanda zvakaipa zvinobuda
Kurudziro yemapato akawanda inokonzerwa nekuzara kwekutakura uye kukwira kwemitengo yekutakura ichaonekwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kunonoka kwekutengesa uye kukwira kwemitengo kune zvakakosha pahupenyu hwezuva nezuva.Sekureva kwemishumo, resitorendi yeBritish McDonald yakabvisa mukaka uye zvimwe zvinwiwa zvemabhodhoro kubva mumenyu uye yakamanikidza Nandu huku cheni kuvhara kwechinguva zvitoro makumi mashanu.
Kubva pakuona kwekukanganisa kwemitengo, magazini yeTime inotenda kuti nokuti inopfuura 80% yekutengeswa kwezvinhu zvinotakurwa negungwa, kukwira kwekutakura zvinhu kuri kutyisidzira mitengo yezvinhu zvose kubva kumatoyi, fenicha uye zvikamu zvemotokari kusvika kofi, shuga uye anchovies.Kushushikana kwakanyanya pamusoro pekukwira kwepasi rose.
The Toy Association yakataura mukutaura kune vezvenhau vekuUS kuti kukanganiswa kweketani chiitiko chine njodzi kune yega yega chikamu chevatengi.“Makambani ematoyi ari kutambura nekuwedzera kwe300% kusvika 700% kwemitengo yekutakura zvinhu… Kuwanikwa kwemidziyo nenzvimbo kuchaunza imwe mari inotyisa.Sezvo mutambo unosvika, vatengesi vachasangana nekushomeka uye vatengi vachatarisana nemutengo wakakwira. "
Kune dzimwe nyika, kushata kwekutakura zvinhu kune kukanganisa kwakashata pakutengesa kunze.Vinod Kaur, director director weIndia Rice Exporters Association, akati mumwedzi mitatu yekutanga yegore regore ra2022, basmati mupunga wekutengesa kunze kwenyika wadonha ne17%.
Kumakambani ekutakura zvinhu, sezvo mutengo wesimbi uchikwira, mari yekuvaka ngarava iri kukwirawo, izvo zvinogona kukwevera pasi purofiti yemakambani ekutakura anoraira zvikepe zvepamusoro.
Vanoongorora maindasitiri vanotenda kuti kune njodzi yekudonha mumusika kana ngarava dzapera uye dzinoiswa pamusika kubva 2023 kusvika 2024. Vamwe vanhu vari kutanga kunetseka kuti kuchave nekuwanda kwezvikepe zvitsva zvakarairwa nenguva yavanenge vapedza. inoshandiswa mumakore maviri kusvika matatu.Nao Umemura, mukuru mukuru wezvemari wekambani yeJapan inotakura zvinhu Merchant Marine Mitsui, akati, “Ndichitaura zvine mufungo, ndinopokana kana kudiwa kwezvikepe kwomunguva yemberi kuchigona kuenderera mberi.”
Yomasa Goto, muongorori paJapan Maritime Center, akaongorora, "Sezvo mirairo mitsva iri kuramba ichibuda, makambani anoziva nezvenjodzi."Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekudyara kwakazara muchizvarwa chitsva chezvikepe zvemafuta zvekutakura gasi rakanyungudika uye hydrogen, kuderera kwemamiriro emusika uye kukwira kwemitengo kuchava njodzi.
Chirevo chetsvakiridzo yeUBS chinoratidza kuti kutsvikinyidzana kwezvikepe kunotarisirwa kuenderera mberi kusvika 2022. Mishumo yakaburitswa nevakuru vezvemari Citigroup neThe Economist Intelligence Unit inoratidza kuti matambudziko aya ane midzi yakadzika uye haafanire kunyangarika chero nguva pfupi.
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-18-2021