Musi waZvita 11, 2001, China yakabatana neWorld Trade Organisation.Ichi chaive chiitiko chakakosha mukugadzirisa kuvandudzwa kwenyika yangu uye kuvhura uye kuvandudzwa kwesocialist.Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura, China yakazadzisa zvizere zvisungo zvayo zveWTO uye yakaramba ichiwedzera kuvhurwa kwayo, izvo zvakamisa mafambiro ari kuwedzera ebudiriro yeChina uye zvakare yakamisa mvura yechitubu yehupfumi hwenyika.
Kukosha kwekupinda kweChina kuWorld Trade Organisation
Kubatana neWorld Trade Organisation kwakashandura zvakanyanya hukama pakati penyika yedu nehurongwa hwehupfumi hwenyika, zvichiita kuti nyika yedu ipe mutambo wakazara kune zvayakanakira, kutora chikamu muchikamu chepasi rose chehurongwa hwevashandi, uye nekukurumidza kusimudzira kutengeserana kwakakosha pasirese. uye nyika yekudyara;kupa nyika yangu kutora chikamu mukutonga kwehupfumi hwenyika Nemamiriro ari nani, simba renyika yangu riri kuramba richikwira;yakakurudzira nesimba kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwehupfumi hwepamba, yakakurudzira hupenyu hwevatambi vemusika, uye yakaburitsa mukana wekusimudzira hupfumi.
Yakasimudzira zvinobudirira chimiro chenyika yangu muhurongwa hwehupfumi hwenyika.Mushure mekujoinha World Trade Organisation, nyika yangu inogona kunakidzwa nekodzero dzenhengo yeWorld Trade Organisation uye kunakidzwa zvirinani nemhedzisiro yemasangano ekusununguka uye kufambisa kutengeserana nedzimwe nyika nekudyara.Izvi zvakagadzira mamiriro akagadzikana, akajeka uye anofanotaura nezvehupfumi hwenyika nekutengeserana kweChina, uye vatengesi vemuno nevekunze vakawedzera zvakanyanya kuvimba kwavo nekutora chikamu kweChina muchikamu chepasi rose chevashandi pamwe nekusimudzira kudyidzana kwehupfumi nekutengeserana.Isu tinopa kutamba kwakazara kune zvakanakira isu pachedu, takabatana zvakanyanya muchikamu chenyika chevashandi, uye tinoenderera mberi nekuvandudza chinzvimbo chedu muhurongwa hwehupfumi hwenyika.Mumakore makumi maviri adarika, hwerengedzo yeupfumi hwenyika yangu yakakwira kubva pachitanhatu kuenda pachipiri pasi rose, kutengeserana kwezvinhu kwakwira kubva pachitanhatu kusvika pekutanga munyika, uye kutengeserana mumabasa kwakakwira kubva pachigumi nerimwe kusvika chechipiri munyika, uye kushandiswa. yemari yekunze yave ichikura zvakatsiga.China inotungamira, nekudyara kwekunze kwakananga kusimuka kubva pamakumi maviri nenhanhatu munyika kuenda kune yekutanga.
Ziva kurudziro yekuvandudza nekuvhura.Maitiro ekupinda munhaurirano dzeWTO/WTO kwemakore gumi nemashanu inzirawo yekuenderera mberi nekudzika kwenyika yangu yekuvandudza.Imhaka yekuti kuenderera mberi nekudzika kweshanduko ndiko kwatinokwanisa kunyatsopindura kukanganiswa kwekuvhurwa kwemusika uye kushandura kudzvanywa kwekuvhura kuve simba remusika uye kuwedzera makwikwi epasirese.Mushure mekupinda muWorld Trade Organisation, nyika yangu yakanyatso kutevedzera nekushandisa mitemo yeWorld Trade Organisation, uye yakanangana nekuvaka nekuvandudza mitemo yehupfumi hwemusika nemirau inoteerana nemitemo yezvehupfumi nekutengeserana, iyo yakamutsa simba remusika. uye nzanga.nyika yangu yakabvisa zvipingamupinyi zvisiri zvemitero uye yakaderedza zvakanyanya mazinga emutero.Huwandu hwemitero hwese hwadzika kubva pa15.3% kuenda pa7.4%, inova yakaderera pane zvisungo zve9.8% zveWTO.Chiyero chemakwikwi mumusika wepamba chakawedzera zvakanyanya.Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kujoinha World Trade Organisation inyaya yakasarudzika yekusimudzira shanduko uye kuvhura munyika yedu.
Yakavhura peji idzva rekutora chikamu kwenyika yangu mukutonga kwehupfumi hwenyika.Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura, nyika yangu yakatora chikamu mukugadzirisa kwehurongwa hwekutonga kwehupfumi hwenyika uye kuumbwa kwemitemo.Akatora chikamu muDoha yenhaurirano uye akaita zvakakosha mukubudirira kwenhaurirano dzekuwedzera dze "Trade Facilitation Agreement" uye "Information Technology Agreement."Pashure pekunge nhaurirano dzekupinda muWorld Trade Organisation dzapera, nyika yangu yakabva yatanga hurongwa hwekutengeserana munharaunda.Muna Mbudzi 2000, nyika yangu yakatanga kugadzwa kweChina-ASEAN Free Trade Area.Pakupera kwa2020, nyika yangu yakasaina zvibvumirano gumi nepfumbamwe zvekutengeserana pasina nyika makumi maviri nenhanhatu nematunhu.Muna 2013, chirongwa che "One Belt One Road" chakakurudzirwa neMutungamiri Xi Jinping chakagamuchira mhinduro dzakanaka kubva kunyika dzinopfuura 170 nemasangano epasi rose.nyika yangu yakatorawo chikamu muzvirongwa zvehutongi hwehupfumi hwepasi rose seG20, uye yakaronga chirongwa cheChinese chekuvandudza kweWorld Trade Organisation.nyika yangu yakazvipira kusimudzira kuvakwa kwehupfumi hwenyika hwakavhurika pamatunhu mazhinji, edunhu uye maviri, uye chimiro chayo muhurongwa hwekutonga kwehupfumi hwenyika huri kuramba huchikwira.
Kupinda kweChina muWorld Trade Organisation kwawedzerawo kuvandudza hurongwa hwehupfumi hwenyika.Pasina kutora chikamu kwevanhu vanopfuura bhiriyoni 1.4 vekuChina, World Trade Organisation ingadai isina kukwana zvakanyanya.Mushure mekunge China yabatana neWorld Trade Organisation, kufukidzwa kwemitemo yezvehupfumi nekutengeserana kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye cheni yepasi rose yeindasitiri yekugovera yawedzera.Rubatsiro rweChina mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika hwasvika pazvikamu makumi matatu kubva muzana kwemakore akawanda.Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kupinda kweChina kuWorld Trade Organisation zvakare chiitiko chakakosha mukugadzirisa hupfumi hwenyika.
Chiitiko uye Kuvhenekerwa kweKujoinha World Trade Organisation
Gara uchitevedzera hutungamiriri hwakasimba hwebato pamusoro pechikonzero chekuvhurika, uye fambira mberi nenguva yekuvandudza nzira yekuvhura.Chikonzero chikuru chinoita kuti nyika yangu ikwanise kutsvaga zvakanakira nekunzvenga zvipingamupinyi muhurongwa hwekudyidzana kwehupfumi hwenyika ndeyekuti yagara yakanamatira kuhutungamiriri hwakasimba hwebato rechikonzero chekuvhura.Mukati menhaurirano dzekupinda muWTO, Bato reCentral Committee rakatonga mamiriro ezvinhu, rakaita sarudzo dzakasimba, rakakunda zvipingamupinyi, uye rakasvika pakubvumirana.Mushure mekubatana neWorld Trade Organisation, pasi pehutungamiriri hwakasimba hweBato Central Committee, takazadzisa zvivimbiso zvedu, takadzamisa shanduko, uye takawana budiriro yakasimba yehupfumi nekutengeserana.Nyika nhasi iri kuita shanduko huru dzisingaonekwe muzana ramakore, uye kumutsiridza kukuru kwerudzi rweChina kuri panguva yakaoma.Isu tinofanirwa kutevedzera hutungamiriri hwebato, kuita hurongwa hwekuvhura hwakasimba, kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza mwero wekuvhura, uye kuenderera mberi nekusimbisa mabhenefiti matsva enyika yedu mukubatana kwehupfumi hwenyika nemakwikwi.
Kudzidzira iyo pfungwa yekuvandudza kwakavhurika uye kuenderera mukuwedzera kuvhura kusingazungunuke.Munyori Mukuru Xi Jinping akati: "Kuvhurika kunounza kufambira mberi, uye kuvhara kunosarira kumashure."Kubva pakuchinja uye kuvhura, kunyanya mushure mekujoinha World Trade Organisation, nyika yangu yakanyatso kubata nguva yemikana yakarongeka, yakapa mutambo wakazara kune zvayakanakira kuenzanisa, yakakurumidza kuwedzera simba rayo rose renyika, uye yakawedzera zvakanyanya pesvedzero yayo yepasirese..Kuvhura ndiyo chete nzira yebudiriro nebudiriro yenyika.Bato reCentral Committee naComrade Xi Jinping padanho repamusoro rinotora budiriro yakavhurika sechikamu chakakosha cheiyo pfungwa itsva yebudiriro, uye chinzvimbo nebasa rekubudirana pachena muchikonzero chebato nenyika zvakavandudzwa zvisati zvamboitika.Parwendo rutsva rwekuvaka nyika yemazuva ano yesocialist nenzira yakatenderedza, tinofanira kuramba tichivhura uye kuwedzera nhanho yekuvhurika zvakanyanya nechivimbo uye nekuziva.
Simbisa pfungwa yemitemo yakasimba uye simbirira pakusimudzira kuvhurwa kwemasangano.Mushure mekujoinha World Trade Organisation, nyika yangu inoremekedza zvakanyanya mitemo yeWorld Trade Organisation uye inozadzisa zvizere zvisungo zvayo zveWTO.Mamwe masimba makuru anokunda mitemo yemumba pamusoro pemitemo yenyika dzakawanda, anoteerera mitemo yepasi rose kana achibvumirana, uye anoitsika-tsika kana asingabvumirani.Izvi hazvisi kungokanganisa mitemo yemarudzi akawanda, asi pakupedzisira zvichakuvadza hupfumi hwenyika uye pachahwo.Senyika yakakura kwazvo ichiri kusimukira uye yechipiri pakukura hupfumi hwenyika, nyika yangu yakaratidza basa rayo senyika huru, ichitungamira semucherechedzi, mudziviriri, uye muvaki wemitemo yezvematongerwo enyika nekutengeserana, ichitora chikamu mukuvandudza kweiyo nyika. hurongwa hwehutongi hwehupfumi hwenyika, uye kubatsira kuChina mukugadzirisa nekuvandudza mitemo yezvehupfumi nekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika.plan.Panguva imwecheteyo, isu ticharamba tichikurudzira kuvhurwa kwemasangano uye nekukasira kuvakwa kwehurongwa hutsva hwehupfumi hwakavhurika.
Gadzira maitiro matsva ekuvhura kune nyika yekunze ine chiyero chakakura, nzvimbo yakafara, uye yakadzika nhanho.
Parizvino, zana rekuchinja rakabatana nedenda rezana ramakore, chimiro chepasirese chiri kusimukira zvakanyanya, shanduko nyowani yetekinoroji iri kufambira mberi nekusvetuka nemiganhu, shanduko yegirinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni iri kukurumidza, kugadziridzwa kwekutonga kwehupfumi hwenyika. iri kuwedzera, uye hondo yekutonga yawedzera.Kunaka kwekuenzanisa kwenyika yangu kwakachinja zvakanyanya, uye zvinodikanwa kuti tishandise zvine hungwaru zvemumba neyekunze zviwanikwa zvekuvandudza kugadzira mabhenefiti matsva ekutora chikamu mukubatana kwenyika pamwe nemakwikwi.Kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu matsva nemabasa matsva, tinofanira kugara tichinamatira kuhutungamiri hwepakati uye hwakabatana hweBato reCentral Committee naComrade Xi Jinping pamucheto, kushandisa zvizere pfungwa dzaXi Jinping pamusoro pesocialism neChinese maitiro munguva itsva, uye kuva vakanaka pa kurera mikana mumatambudziko, kuvhura mamiriro matsva pakati pekuchinja, nekusimudzira Nzira itsva yekuvhura kune kunze kwenyika ine hukuru hukuru, nzvimbo yakafara, uye nhanho yakadzama ichaumbwa.
Gara uchivandudza mwero wekuvhurika mukuvakwa kwemaitiro matsva ebudiriro.Kuti uvake nzira nyowani yekusimudzira, zvinodikanwa kuti panguva imwe chete ufambire mberi nekuvandudza shanduko uye kuvhura, uye kuona kurongeka pamwe nekukurudzirana kwekuchinja uye kuvhura.Namatira kune-supply-side structural reform semutsetse mukuru, uye kusimudzira tekinoroji kuzvimirira uye kuzvimiririra.Tarisa pane shanduko ye decentralization, manejimendi uye sevhisi, ramba uchikwirisa nharaunda yebhizinesi, kuvaka musika wakabatana wepamba, uye kutenderera kwehupfumi.Kutungamirwa nekuvhurika kwepamusoro-soro, kusimbisa kuiswa kwekudyara uye tekinoroji nematarenda, kubatanidza zviwanikwa zvekuvandudza pasi rose, kuwedzera kubatanidzwa kweChinese neyekunze zvido, kutyora tekinoroji uye kutonga kweChina, kugadzirisa dambudziko re "yakanamira mutsipa" iyo ketani yekugovera, inosimudzira kusimba kweiyo maindasitiri cheni, uye kuwana yemukati nekunze Kutenderera kunosimudzira mumwe nemumwe padanho repamusoro.
Kudziridza mabhenefiti matsva mukudyidzana nedzimwe nyika uye kukwikwidza.Bata zvakasimba mikana yakarongeka inounzwa neshanduko yedhijitari uye shanduko yegirinhi uye yakaderera-kabhoni, uye nekuchimbidza kuumbwa kwezvakanaka zvemakwikwi epasi rose kune maindasitiri ari kusimukira emunyika yangu.Simbisa maindasitiri echinyakare neruzivo rwemichina, shandura maindasitiri anonyanya kushanda nekugadzira zvine hungwaru, uye chengetedza kukwikwidza kwepasirese kwezvigadzirwa zvechinyakare zvenyika yangu.Wedzera kuvhurwa kweiyo indasitiri yebasa uye nesimba kusimudzira kutengeserana kwedhijitari sevhisi.Simbisa kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzepfuma uye kusimudzira kukwikwidza kwepasirese kwemaindasitiri ane mari uye tekinoroji.Tsigira mabhizinesi kuti "aende pasi rose" kubatanidza misika miviri uye zviwanikwa zviviri kugadzira kambani yeChinese-inotsigirwa nemari yepasi rose ine kukwikwidza kwakasimba kwepasirese.
Vaka hurongwa hutsva hwehupfumi hwakavhurika hunopesana nepamusoro-soro pasi rose mitemo yehupfumi nekutengeserana.Kunyatso nzwisisa maitiro emitemo yehupfumi hwenyika, uye ramba uchisimudzira kutengeserana nekudyara kusununguka uye kufambisa zvinoenderana nepamusoro-nhanho yepasirese mitemo yezvehupfumi nekutengeserana, ramba uchiwedzera nharaunda yebhizinesi, nekusimudzira kugadzikana, pachena uye kufanotaura kwehupfumi hwekunze uye mitemo yekutengeserana.Ipa mutambo wakazara kumutyairi wemahara yekutengesa nzvimbo (yemahara yekutengesa port), shingairira kusimudzira-yepamusoro-nhanho yekuvhura kushushikana kuyedzwa, ongorora chaiyo yekutarisa modhi yeyakarongeka kuyambuka-muganho kuyerera kwedata, uye muchidimbu chiitiko nenguva, kopira uye kusimudzira. it.Kuvandudza inoshanda uye yakarongeka yekune dzimwe nyika manejimendi manejimendi sevhisi kuchengetedza zvine hungwaru zvido zvemhiri kwemakungwa.
Kudziridza yakanaka yepasirese hupfumi uye kutengeserana nharaunda.Nesimba kusimudzira matarenda epamusoro-soro ezvehupfumi nekutengeserana epasirese, gadzira dzidziso uye nzira dzezvehupfumi nekutengeserana, uye kusimbisa kugona kuseta misoro, nhaurirano dzekunze, uye kutaurirana kwenyika.Kuvandudza kugona kutaurirana kwepasirese uye taura nyaya dzeChinese zvakanaka.Shingairira kutora chikamu mukuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwehutongi hwehupfumi hwenyika, kuchengetedza zvakasimba chiremera chenyika dzakawanda, kusimudzira pamwe chete shanduko yeWorld Trade Organisation, uye kutora chikamu munhaurirano dzemitemo mitsva yezvehupfumi nekutengeserana kwenyika.Simbisai kudyidzana kwebudiriro yepasi rose, kusimudzira budiriro yemhando yepamusoro ye "Belt and Road", mhanyisa kuitiswa kweUnited Nations 2030 Agenda yeSustainable Development, uye kukurudzira kuvakwa kwenharaunda ine ramangwana rakagovaniswa revanhu.
(Munyori Long Guoqiang ndiye mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri weDevelopment Research Center yeState Council)
Mupepeti anotarisira: Wang Su
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-16-2021